ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Recent advancement in technology, has significantly improved the clinical application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the field of dentistry. The main objective of this study is to estimate the effective dose to the eye lens in Cone Bean Computed Tomography. Method: The effective dose to the lens of the eye was estimated using Dose Area Product (DAP) values from i-CAT 17-19 Platinum CBCT scanner during the CBCT examination of either the maxilla or mandible, with an exposure parameters of 120kVp and mAs 37.07. Results: The estimated effective dose for lens of the eye is 8.0±2.49mSv for voxel size 0.2 whereas 6.21±1.55mSv for voxel size 0.25 for CBCT of Mandible and 5.74±1.73mSv for voxel size 0.2 whereas 5.28±1.35mSv for voxel size 0.25 for CBCT of Maxilla. Conclusion: The effective dose to the lens of eyes for a standard protocols 0.2voxel with 26.9 sec and 0.25 voxel with 26.9 sec in CBCT for maxilla and mandible respectively are within the threshold limit of 2.0Gy. Therefore for further reduction of the effective dose to the lens of the eyes we recommend for developing a protocol with lower radiation dose and also implement the application of using an effective protective measures such as bismuth eye shield.
ABSTRACT
Background: Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a blood product manufactured from pooled plasma. With increasing availability, an increased usage in neonates is being noted, though its utilisation has not been audited thoroughly. The objectives of this study are to describe the usage pattern and indications of IVIG and its outcome in a state-run tertiary care NICU.Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out at the inborn unit of Department of Neonatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai on a cohort of neonates who received IVIG over 3.5 years from January 2016 to June 2019. Data was collected from drug register, neonatal case records, exchange transfusion register and death register.Results: Our study cohort had 55 neonates who received IVIG over 3.5 years. Indications for IVIG usage were Rh-alloimmunisation (23), ABO-alloimmunisation (7), prophylaxis of perinatal varicella (20), and other immune thrombocytopenia (5). Among 30 neonates with ABO-/Rh-incompatibility, 11 required exchange transfusion (ET). ET rates have shown a decreasing trend during this period. 2 babies with Rh-immunisation and Hydrops expired. None of the babies given prophylaxis for perinatal varicella manifested the disease. Neonates treated for immune thrombocytopenia were successfully discharged.Conclusions: This study shows the IVIG usage pattern in a tertiary care neonatal unit. In neonates with Hemolytic disease due to Rh-/ABO-alloimmunisation treated with IVIG, a reduction in rates of exchange transfusion has been noted. IVIG is being used increasingly for prophylaxis of perinatal varicella and immune related thrombocytopenia with promising benefits. It is prudent to have SOPs for IVIG administration with standardised issue and transfusion forms for documentation to regulate its judicious use.
ABSTRACT
Internet has literally percolated every aspect of human life today including social communication, education, research, health seeking, banking, business, shopping, administration, and entertainment, so much so that we cannot imagine our lives without internet. However, internet can be misused and excess internet use can be pathological and addictive. Younger population and especially college students are more vulnerable to this addiction because of their psychosocial and environmental characteristics. This internet addiction can lead to various psychological, physical, as well as social problems. Hence, in this background, the present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of internet addiction among medical students and also its determinants. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study done at DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences, Wayanad District, Kerala, between January and June 2018. All the undergraduate medical students of the college were the study subjects. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested self-administered questionnaire (Young’s internet addiction test). Completed responses were obtained from a total of 729 students. Results: 5.5% were found to have no internet addiction and 94.5% were found to have internet addiction. 60.8%, 31.3%, and 2.5% were found to have mild, moderate and severe internet addiction, respectively. The prevalence of internet addiction was more among males compared to females, Part II, final phase students compared to other phase students, management quota students compared to other quota students, Christians compared to other religions, urban origin students compared to rural origin, and day scholars compared to hostellites. However, only sex, phase of MBBS, and place of origin were found to have a statistically significant association (P= <0.01, 0.026 and 0.049 respectively). There was a weak negative correlation (r = −0.117) between the percentage of marks obtained in previous university examination and IA scores, and the correlation was found to be statistically significant (P= <0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of internet addiction among the study subjects was significantly more compared to other studies. Sex, phase of MBBS, and place of origin were found to have a statistically significant association with internet addiction. There was a negative correlation between the degree of internet addiction and academic performance.